Avaliação dos dados contidos nas requisições do exame anatomopatológico da mama na cirurgia de troca ou explante de implantes mamários de silicone: análise de 251 casos / Evaluation of the data contained in the requests for the anatomopathological examination of the breast in the surgery of exchange or explantation of silicone breast implants: analysis of 251 cases

Introdução: A descrição do linfoma anaplásico de células T e o recente aumento das cirurgias de explante resultou na elevação do número de exames anatomopatológicos nas cirurgias de retirada de implantes mamários de silicone. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a qualidade e quantidade de dados contidos na requisição do exame histopatológico. Métodos: Foram estudados 251 casos. Os seguintes dados foram analisados: sexo, idade, localização anatômica e espacial, lateralidade, história clínica, sinais e sintomas, quimioterapia e radioterapia prévia, hipótese diagnóstica, cirurgias prévias, tipo e marca do implante, exames de imagem prévios e número e características dos espécimes enviados. Resultados: A idade média foi de 43 anos. A lateralidade não foi mencionada em 16 (0,84%). A localização anatômica foi citada em 15 casos. O tipo de cirurgia foi mencionado por 40 (15,94%). O número de contêineres variou de 1 a 5, com mediana de 2. A cápsula foi enviada em 242 casos, em 161 de forma isolada, tecido mamário em conjunto com cápsula em 27, tecido mamário e cápsula em contêineres diferentes em 54 casos. A história clínica foi incluída em 19,12%, sinais e sintomas em 13,94%, em que a contratura foi o único termo inserido em 64. Em 27 requisições foi citado linfoma. Em 15 pacientes a presença de seroma foi referida e destes nove foram enviados. O tipo e marca do implante não foi citado. Conclusão: Os dados são escassos. Recomenda-se a criação de protocolos na retirada da cápsula e tecido adjacente, incluindo a orientação anatômica e espacial.

Introduction: The description of the Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and the explantation surgery resulted in an increase of histopathological exams in breast implant removing surgery. Methods: 251 pathology requests were studied. The following data from the medical requests were analyzed: gender, age, type of surgery, number of specimens containers sent, laterality, anatomical and spatial location, clinical history, signs and symptoms, previous radiotherapy, previous chemotherapy, diagnostic hypothesis, previous surgeries, and reference to previous breast exams. Results: The mean age was 43 years old. Laterality was not mentioned in 16 requests. The surgery performed was mentioned in 15.94% requests. The number of containers varies from 1 to 5, with a median of 2. The containers include capsules in 242 cases, 161 as isolated capsule, 27 mammary tissue, and capsule in the same specimen, 54 mammary tissues sent in a separate container, anatomical and spatial location was mentioned in 6.33% cases. The detailed clinical data was included in 19.12%, signs and symptoms 13.94%, contracture as the only item mention in 64 of them. In 27 requests, lymphoma evaluation was requested. 15 included seroma and from nine of those, liquid was sent with a request for immunohistochemical and cytology analysis. None of the requests had any data on implant type or brand. Conclusion: The amount of information contained in the medical request forms is minimal. The authors recommend the need for a protocol to standardize the surgical removal of the capsule and the adjacent mammary tissue. Surgical specimens should be spatially oriented.

Técnica de mastopexia sem demarcação prévia idealizada pelo Dr. Millan: descrição da técnica e avaliação do nível de satisfação / The mastopexy technique without preoperative markings idealized by Dr. Millan: description of the technique and patient satisfaction evaluation

Introdução: Diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas foram desenvolvidas para a redução do volume glandular e para a correção da ptose mamária com o objetivo de obter resultados eficientes e de qualidade com o menor número de complicações possível. Este artigo descreve a técnica de mastopexia idealizada pelo Dr. Roberto Antonio Barjaz Millan e a avaliação do nível de satisfação das mulheres após o procedimento. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional e analítico desenvolvido a partir da análise da técnica de mastopexia na redução mamária e na correção de ptose mamária padronizada pelo Dr. Millan, realizado no Setor de Cirurgia Plástica do Centro Universitário Saúde ABC. Participaram do estudo 20 mulheres com ptose mamária grau II e III, segundo classificação de Regnault, ou hipertrofia mamária, definida pelos critérios de Sacchini et al. e de Franco & Rebello, ainda não submetidas a cirurgia e 20 mulheres previamente submetidas a mastopexia pela técnica de Millan, com idades entre 18 e 60 anos. Para análise do nível de satisfação após o procedimento, foi aplicado o questionário BREAST-Q®. Resultados: Não houve diferenças significantes das mulheres que fizeram a cirurgia (grupo pós-cirúrgico) quando comparadas às que não fizeram cirurgia (grupo controle) em relação às variáveis idade (p=0,357), Índice de Massa Corporal (p=0,695), grau de hipertrofia (p=0,799) e grau de ptose mamária (p=0,391). Em relação às variáveis de satisfação com mamas, psicossocial, sexual, físico, todas as pacientes submetidas a cirurgia apresentaram valores maiores comparados aos valores obtidos nas pacientes do grupo sem cirurgia (p<0,009). Conclusão: A técnica de mastopexia idealizada pelo Dr. Millan apresenta resultados que foram considerados satisfatórios pelas pacientes avaliadas.

Introduction: Different surgical techniques were developed to reduce glandular volume and correct breast ptosis, with the objective of efficient and quality results for the patients and with the fewest possible complications. This study describes the treatment technique standardized by Dr. Roberto Millan and the level of women's satisfaction after performing the procedure. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational and analytical study carried out from the analysis of the breast treatment technique standardized by Dr. Millan performed at the Plastic Surgery Sector of Centro Universitário Saúde ABC. The study included 20 women with grade II and III breast ptosis, according to Regnault's classification, or breast hypertrophy, defined by the criteria of Sacchini et al. and by Franco & Rebello; and 20 women previously submitted to mastopexy or reduction mammoplasty using the Millan technique, aged between 18 and 60 years. The BREAST-Q® questionnaire was applied to analyze the level of satisfaction after the procedure. Results: It is observed that there were no significant differences between women who underwent the surgery Mass group (post-surgical group) when compared to those who did not undergo surgery (control group) concerning age (p=357), (p=0.695), degree of hypertrophy (p=0.799) and degree of breast ptosis (p=0.391). Regarding breast satisfaction, psychosocial, sexual, and physical variables all presented higher values in women with surgery than those without surgery (p<0.009). Conclusion: The breast treatment technique standardized by Dr. Millan presents results that led to patient satisfaction.

The correction of the diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle concomitant with a moulded silicone implant insertion in a patient with medial pectus excavatum.

The association of the diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle and the medial pectus excavatum was reported. We have been using soft silicone block, sculpted intraoperatively, to correct pectus excavatum. The horizontal access used, 2 cm at a subxiphoid position, allows us to expose the sternum and the rectus abdominis muscles (RAMs). We report a case, male, 31 years presenting medial pectus excavatum and supraumbilical diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle with a width of 35 mm at the costal arches, and 27 mm at 6 cm from the xiphoid process edge. The muscle borders presented a curved lateral deviation up to the insertion in the costal arches. The necessary space for the implant was dissected and the block was sculpted. The medial and superior aponeurosis borders of the RAM were incised at 6 cm from the xiphoid, and the posterior border of the RAM was released. The aponeurosis borders were brought together, promoting a medial and anterior positioning of the RAM. The inferior border of the implant was attached to the raw superior borders of the RAM. The result was considered satisfactory, and a magnetic resonance image 14 months after showed continuity of the implant and the muscles, promoting a uniform body contour. Registry: CAAE63181616.7.0000.0071.

Occurrence of Diastasis of the Rectus Abdominis Muscles in Patients with Medial Pectus Excavatum.

Since 1994, we have used soft silicone blocks sculpted intraoperatively to correct pectus excavatum in male patients. This technique involves a horizontal access incision in the region of the lower edge of the sternum. During the dissection to expose the sternum, we observed a constant diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle and changes of the anatomy at its superior insertion. There is no report on this association. METHODS: Male patients with untreated medial pectus excavatum with indication for silicone block correction were enrolled. Age, weight, height, and the presence of other associated conditions were noted. Ultrasound examination was performed. During the surgery, the width of the linea alba was evaluated and the anatomical positioning of the insertion of rectus abdominis muscle was noted. RESULTS: From 2017 to 2019, 10 patients were submitted to surgery. The mean age was 27 years. All patients presented diastasis at the preoperative physical examination. Imaging examination reports showed diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle: seven partial epigastric separations and three total separations, two of which were associated with umbilical hernia. The intraoperative findings showed the line alba with a minimum of 23 mm and a maximum of 45 mm width at 4 cm from the xiphoid process edge. The muscle borders presented a curved lateral deviation up to the insertion in the costal arches with a distance ranging from 35 mm to 60 mm. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the anatomical alterations of the superior portion of the rectus abdominis muscle. The authors discuss the surgical consequences and suggest that the semiology of rectus abdominis muscle is an important preoperative action in pectus excavatum patients.

Effectiveness of fixed doses of propranolol in the treatment of hemangiomas regardless of child's weight gain: a case report / Efetividade do tratamento de hemangiomas utilizando doses fixas de propranolol em comprimido independentemente do ganho de peso da criança: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Objective: To present the outcomes of fixed doses of propranolol tablets for the treatment of hemangiomas. Case description: Two illustrative cases of hemangioma in infant patients younger than six months old are described. Treatments were started in 2010 and 2011 and were monitored until August 2017. Patients were treated with fixed doses, initially calculated based on the upper limit of 3 mg/kg/day and administrated in two daily doses rounded down to the nearest multiple of five milligrams. Dosage was not adjusted to patients' weight gain. The tablets were crushed and then diluted in a maximum amount of 3 mL of water. This procedure was necessary because propranolol was not available in oral solution in 2009, when dosages available in the Brazilian market were 10, 40 and 80 mg. Both patients presented significative improvement in the first 60 days and were in complete remission by the end of the treatment. Comments: It is possible to treat patients with Propranolol 10 mg tablets, even though the dosage is not as precise as when calculated according to patients' weight. The maintenance of a fixed dose, ignoring the patient's progressive weight gains, helps avoiding the rebound effect and decreases complications.

RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência com a utilização de propranolol em doses fixas, em forma de comprimido, para o tratamento de hemangiomas. Descrição do caso: Dois casos ilustrativos de portadores de hemangiomas com menos de seis meses de idade são descritos. O início de tratamento ocorreu nos anos de 2010 e 2011 com seguimento até agosto de 2017. Os pacientes foram tratados com doses fixas iniciais calculadas com limite máximo de 3 mg/kg/dia, divididas em duas doses diárias, sempre com quantidades múltiplas de 5 mg. Os comprimidos de 10 mg ou a sua metade eram macerados e diluídos em 3 mL de água. As doses não foram mais alteradas. Esse uso foi decorrente da ausência da forma líquida de propranolol em 2009, quando começamos a utilizar esse tratamento, sendo então apenas disponíveis comprimidos de 10, 40 e 80 mg. Os pacientes obtiveram melhora acentuada nos primeiros 60 dias e remissão completa posteriormente. Comentários: É possível o uso de comprimidos de 10 mg, apesar de resultar numa dose não exata, como a calculada por kg/peso. A manutenção da mesma dose, mesmo com aumento progressivo de peso, pode evitar o efeito rebote e diminuir o índice de complicações.

EFFECTIVENESS OF FIXED DOSES OF PROPRANOLOL IN THE TREATMENT OF HEMANGIOMAS REGARDLESS OF CHILD'S WEIGHT GAIN: A CASE REPORT.

OBJECTIVE: To present the outcomes of fixed doses of propranolol tablets for the treatment of hemangiomas. CASE DESCRIPTION: Two illustrative cases of hemangioma in infant patients younger than six months old are described. Treatments were started in 2010 and 2011 and were monitored until August 2017. Patients were treated with fixed doses, initially calculated based on the upper limit of 3 mg/kg/day and administrated in two daily doses rounded down to the nearest multiple of five milligrams. Dosage was not adjusted to patients' weight gain. The tablets were crushed and then diluted in a maximum amount of 3 mL of water. This procedure was necessary because propranolol was not available in oral solution in 2009, when dosages available in the Brazilian market were 10, 40 and 80 mg. Both patients presented significative improvement in the first 60 days and were in complete remission by the end of the treatment. COMMENTS: It is possible to treat patients with Propranolol 10 mg tablets, even though the dosage is not as precise as when calculated according to patients' weight. The maintenance of a fixed dose, ignoring the patient's progressive weight gains, helps avoiding the rebound effect and decreases complications.

A review of data in medical request and the patient questionnaire for magnetic resonance evaluation of silicone breast implants.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the quality and quantity of data in the questionnaires and in request forms for magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted with data from 300 medical records. The research used the following data from the questionnaires: patient age, reason for the magnetic resonance imaging, reason for placing the breast implant, report of any signs or symptoms, time elapsed since surgery to place the current breast implant, replacement implant surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy treatments. From the magnetic resonance imaging request forms, information about the breast implant, the implant placement surgery, patient clinical information and ordering physician specialty were verified. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 48.8 years, and the mean time elapsed since breast implant surgery was 5 years. A total of 60% of women in the sample were submitted to aesthetic surgery, while 23.7% were submitted to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. In the request forms, 23.7% of physicians added some piece of information about the patient, whereas 2.3% of them informed the type of implant and 5.2% informed about the surgery. CONCLUSION: The amount of information in the magnetic resonance imaging request forms is very limited, and this may hinder quality of radiological reports. Institutional and technological measures should be implemented to encourage the requesting physicians and radiologists to share information.

A review of data in medical request and the patient questionnaire for magnetic resonance evaluation of silicone breast implants / Avaliação dos dados da requisição médica e do questionário prévio ao exame de ressonância magnética da mama em pacientes portadoras de implantes de silicone

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the quality and quantity of data in the questionnaires and in request forms for magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with data from 300 medical records. The research used the following data from the questionnaires: patient age, reason for the magnetic resonance imaging, reason for placing the breast implant, report of any signs or symptoms, time elapsed since surgery to place the current breast implant, replacement implant surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy treatments. From the magnetic resonance imaging request forms, information about the breast implant, the implant placement surgery, patient clinical information and ordering physician specialty were verified. Results: The mean age of patients was 48.8 years, and the mean time elapsed since breast implant surgery was 5 years. A total of 60% of women in the sample were submitted to aesthetic surgery, while 23.7% were submitted to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. In the request forms, 23.7% of physicians added some piece of information about the patient, whereas 2.3% of them informed the type of implant and 5.2% informed about the surgery. Conclusion: The amount of information in the magnetic resonance imaging request forms is very limited, and this may hinder quality of radiological reports. Institutional and technological measures should be implemented to encourage the requesting physicians and radiologists to share information.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade e a quantidade de dados que constam nos questionários e nas requisições médicas de exame de ressonância magnética. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com 300 prontuários de pacientes. Dos questionários, foram utilizados os seguintes dados: idade, razão para a realização do exame, motivo para a colocação da prótese, referência a sinal ou sintoma, tempo decorrido desde a cirurgia de implante da prótese atual, se a cirurgia foi de troca da prótese, e se foi submetida à radioterapia ou à quimioterapia. Das requisições médicas do exame, foram utilizadas informações sobre prótese mamária, cirurgia de colocação do implante, dados clínico da paciente e especialidade do médico requisitante. Resultados: A média da idade das pacientes foi de 48,8 anos, e o tempo decorrido desde a colocação do implante foi de 5 anos, na média. Foram submetidas à cirurgia estética 60% das mulheres da amostra, e 23,7% tinham sido submetidas à quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia. Na requisição médica, 23,7% dos médicos inseriram algum dado, sendo que 2,3% informaram o tipo de implante e 5,2% sobre a cirurgia realizada. Conclusão: A quantidade de informações contidas nas requisições médicas foi baixa, o que pode comprometer a qualidade do laudo radiológico. Medidas institucionais e tecnológicas deveriam ser adotadas para estimular o intercâmbio de informações entre o médico solicitante e o médico radiologista.

A new classification of post-sternotomy dehiscence.

The dehiscence after median transesternal sternotomy used as surgical access for cardiac surgery is one of its complications and it increases the patient's morbidity and mortality. A variety of surgical techniques were recently described resulting to the need of a classification bringing a measure of objectivity to the management of these complex and dangerous wounds. The different related classifications are based in the primary causal infection, but recently the anatomical description of the wound including the deepness and the vertical extension showed to be more useful. We propose a new classification based only on the anatomical changes following sternotomy dehiscence and chronic wound formation separating it in four types according to the deepness and in two sub-groups according to the vertical extension based on the inferior insertion of the pectoralis major muscle.

A new classification of post-sternotomy dehiscence / Uma nova classificação das deiscências após esternotomias

The dehiscence after median transesternal sternotomy used as surgical access for cardiac surgery is one of its complications and it increases the patient's morbidity and mortality. A variety of surgical techniques were recently described resulting to the need of a classification bringing a measure of objectivity to the management of these complex and dangerous wounds. The different related classifications are based in the primary causal infection, but recently the anatomical description of the wound including the deepness and the vertical extension showed to be more useful. We propose a new classification based only on the anatomical changes following sternotomy dehiscence and chronic wound formation separating it in four types according to the deepness and in two sub-groups according to the vertical extension based on the inferior insertion of the pectoralis major muscle.

A deiscência após a esternotomia transesternal mediana utilizada em cirurgia cardíaca é uma de suas complicações e provoca o aumento da morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes. Várias técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido descritas para o seu tratamento, o que contribuiu para aumentar a importância da classificação destas deiscências. Os métodos de classificação inicialmente descritos se baseavam na infecção do sítio cirúrgico, entretanto, é cada vez mais clara a relevância da descrição exata da localização e a extensão da área cruenta resultante como parâmetros para definição da técnica cirúrgica a ser escolhida. Neste relato é sugerida uma nova classificação baseada somente nas alterações anatômicas das feridas que as classifica em quatro tipos, de acordo com a profundidade, e em dois subgrupos, de acordo com a sua extensão vertical, tendo como referência a inserção da margem inferior do músculo peitoral maior.

The use of soft silicone solid implant molded intraoperatively for pectus excavatum surgical repair.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a new surgical technique to treat pectus excavatum utilizing low hardness solid silicone block that can be carved during the intraoperative period promoting a better aesthetic result. METHODS: Between May 1994 and February 2013, 34 male patients presenting pectus excavatum were submitted to surgical repair with the use of low hardness solid silicone block, 10 to 30 Shore A. A block-shaped parallelepiped was used with height and base size coinciding with those of the bone defect. The block was carved intraoperatively according to the shape of the dissected space. The patients were followed for a minimum of 120 days postoperatively. The results and the complications were recorded. RESULTS: From the 34 patients operated on, 28 were primary surgeries and 6 were secondary treatment, using other surgical techniques, bone or implant procedures. Postoperative complications included two case of hematomas and eight of seromas. It was necessary to remove the implant in one patient due to pain, and review surgery was performed in another to check prothesis dimensions. Two patients were submitted to fat grafting to improve the chest wall contour. The result was considered satisfactory in 33 patients. CONCLUSION: The procedure proved to be fast and effective. The results of carved silicone block were more effective for allowing a more refined contour as compared to custom made implants.

The use of soft silicone solid implant molded intraoperatively for pectus excavatum surgical repair / Utilização de silicone sólido de baixo índice de dureza moldado no período intraoperatório para a correção de pectus excavatum

Objective To describe a new surgical technique to treat pectus excavatum utilizing low hardness solid silicone block that can be carved during the intraoperative period promoting a better aesthetic result. Methods Between May 1994 and February 2013, 34 male patients presenting pectus excavatum were submitted to surgical repair with the use of low hardness solid silicone block, 10 to 30 Shore A. A block-shaped parallelepiped was used with height and base size coinciding with those of the bone defect. The block was carved intraoperatively according to the shape of the dissected space. The patients were followed for a minimum of 120 days postoperatively. The results and the complications were recorded. Results From the 34 patients operated on, 28 were primary surgeries and 6 were secondary treatment, using other surgical techniques, bone or implant procedures. Postoperative complications included two case of hematomas and eight of seromas. It was necessary to remove the implant in one patient due to pain, and review surgery was performed in another to check prothesis dimensions. Two patients were submitted to fat grafting to improve the chest wall contour. The result was considered satisfactory in 33 patients. Conclusion The procedure proved to be fast and effective. The results of carved silicone block were more effective for allowing a more refined contour as compared to custom made implants. .

Objetivo Descrever a técnica para reparação de pectus excavatum com o uso de bloco de silicone sólido de baixa dureza, que possibilita a adequação de suas dimensões no intraoperatório para melhor resultado estético. Métodos Entre maio de 1994 e fevereiro de 2013, pacientes do gênero masculino, portadores de pectus excavatum, foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica com bloco de silicone sólido de baixa dureza, de 10 a 30 Shore A, pré-fabricado em forma de paralelepípedo, com as dimensões da altura e da base coincidentes com as da falha óssea. Durante o ato cirúrgico, esse bloco foi esculpido até adequar-se ao formato do espaço dissecado. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por um mínimo de 120 dias de pós-operatório. Resultados Trinta e quatro pacientes foram operados. Destes, 28 foram de tratamento primário e 6 secundário a outras técnicas cirúrgicas, ósseas ou de uso de implantes. As complicações foram dois casos de hematoma e oito de seroma. Foi necessária a retirada do implante em um dos casos devido à dor. Em outro caso, foi a realizada revisão cirúrgica das dimensões da prótese. Dois pacientes foram submetidos a enxerto de gordura, para melhorar o contorno da parede torácica. Não ocorreu nenhum caso de infecção. O resultado foi considerado satisfatório em 33 pacientes. Conclusão O procedimento mostrou-se rápido e efetivo. Os resultados dos contornos obtidos foram considerados mais efetivos quando comparados aos obtidos com a utilização de próteses pré-moldadas. .

Use of the pectoralis major fasciocutaneous flap in the treatment of post sternotomy dehiscence: a new approach / Utilização do retalho fasciocutâneo do músculo peitoral maior na deiscência de esternotomia: uma nova abordagem

OBJECTIVE: To describe a new surgical technique for the treatment dehiscence after median thoracotomy transsternal using fasciocutaneous flap composed of the pectoralis major fascia. METHODS: Between January 2009 and December 2010, from 1,573 patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft, 21 developed wound dehiscence after sternotomy and were treated with bilateral pectoralis major muscle fasciocutaneous flap, including partial portion of the rectus abdominis fascia. Patients were followed for a minimum of 90 days postoperatively. RESULTS: All patients had favorable outcome following 90 days, not having any partial or total dehiscence. There were no cases of postoperative infection. CONCLUSION: The procedure was rapid and effective. Compared with techniques using muscle, myocutaneous or greater omentum flaps, this surgery was less aggressive and maintained the integrity of tissue region. The authors considered that this technique should be used as the first option, leaving the flaps to more complex cases of relapse.

OBJETIVO: Descrever uma nova técnica cirúrgica para a reparação das deiscências pós-toracotomia mediana transesternal com o uso de retalho composto fasciocutâneo da fáscia do músculo peitoral maior. MÉTODOS: Entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2010, de um total de 1.573 cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio, 21 pacientes que apresentaram deiscência da esternotomia foram submetidos à correção com retalho fasciocutâneo bilateral do músculo peitoral maior, incluindo parcialmente a fáscia do músculo reto abdominal. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por um mínimo de 90 dias de período pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes apresentaram evolução favorável no seguimento de 90 dias, não ocorrendo nenhuma parcial ou total da deiscência. Não houve nenhum caso de infecção pós-operatória. CONCLUSÃO: Este procedimento mostrou ser rápido e efetivo. Comparando com o uso de retalhos musculares, musculocutâneos ou de omento, foi uma cirurgia menos agressiva e que manteve a integridade dos tecidos da região. Considerou-se que essa técnica deveria ser utilizada como primeira opção, deixando os retalhos mais complexos para os casos de recidivas.

Ritidoplastias: smasplastia cervicofacial mediante sutura de vetores / Rhytidoplasties: cervicofacial SMAS-plasty according to vector suturing", "_e": "n

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento do SMAS (do inglês, superficial muscular aponeurotic system) nas ritidoplastias faciais tem apresentado contínua evolução desde sua aplicação nos trabalhos pioneiros, na década de 1970. As várias publicações sobre os diferentes tipos de procedimento registram a diversidade do tempo de eficácia e dos efeitos dessa cirurgia. Neste artigo é apresentada mais uma tática cirúrgica que vem sendo aplicada ao SMAS nos últimos 5 anos, cujos resultados a médio e longo prazos têm sido satisfatórios. MÉTODO: Nos últimos 5 anos, 274 pacientes foram operados e acompanhados, sendo 41 do sexo masculino e 233 do sexo feminino, com idades variando de 35 anos a 84 anos. Em todos os pacientes, a conduta seguiu a mesma sistematização de não dissecar o SMAS, mas realizar sua sutura segundo a direção de 5 vetores, 3 na face e 2 na região cervical. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos casos tem sido avaliada clínica e fotograficamente, uma vez por ano, demonstrando melhor qualidade dos resultados em pacientes pertencentes a diferentes faixas etárias e sem necessidade de indicação de nova cirurgia. CONCLUSÕES: A sutura do SMAS segundo 5 vetores especificamente orientados na face e na região cervical tem determinado melhor qualidade dos resultados a longo prazo nas ritidoplastias em pacientes de diferentes faixas etárias, além de evitar as intercorrências e as complicações registradas na literatura.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of the superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) with rhytidoplasty has been continually improving since the pioneering works of the 1970s. The procedures in current usage and described in the literature differ with regard to results as well as to what constitutes an efficient operation. This article describes a surgical procedure that has been applied for SMAS treatment for the last 5 years and which provides satisfactory mid- and long-term results. METHODS: During the past 5 years, we operated on 274 patients (age range, 35-84; 233 female and 41 male) and monitored them thereafter. In all cases, the procedure followed the same strategy, which involved suturing the SMAS according to 5 vectors, 3 in the face and 2 in the neck, instead of dissecting it. RESULTS: Most cases were clinically and photographically evaluated yearly. In all age groups, this treatment yielded better results than the traditional methods involving SMAS dissection, as no additional surgeries were required. CONCLUSIONS: SMAS suturing according to 5 specifically oriented vectors in the face and neck provides better long-lasting results in patients of various ages submitted to rhytidoplasty. Moreover, this procedure avoids the complications described in the literature.

Use of the pectoralis major fasciocutaneous flap in the treatment of post sternotomy dehiscence: a new approach.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a new surgical technique for the treatment dehiscence after median thoracotomy transsternal using fasciocutaneous flap composed of the pectoralis major fascia. METHODS: Between January 2009 and December 2010, from 1,573 patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft, 21 developed wound dehiscence after sternotomy and were treated with bilateral pectoralis major muscle fasciocutaneous flap, including partial portion of the rectus abdominis fascia. Patients were followed for a minimum of 90 days postoperatively. RESULTS: All patients had favorable outcome following 90 days, not having any partial or total dehiscence. There were no cases of postoperative infection. CONCLUSION: The procedure was rapid and effective. Compared with techniques using muscle, myocutaneous or greater omentum flaps, this surgery was less aggressive and maintained the integrity of tissue region. The authors considered that this technique should be used as the first option, leaving the flaps to more complex cases of relapse.

Risk factors for sternal wound infections and application of the STS score in coronary artery bypass graft surgery / Fatores de risco para infecção de ferida esternal e aplicação do escore da STS em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica

BACKGROUND: Sternal wound infection (SWI) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a major complication. Identifying patients at risk of SWI is essential for the application of preventive measures. OBJECTIVE: To identify the pre- and intra-operative risk factors, apply the STS risk score and determine the correlation between the risk score and microorganisms isolated from surgical wounds in a Brazilian hospital. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a database of all CABG surgeries performed in a single institution from 2006 to 2008. Chi-square analysis was used for categorical variables and Student's t-test was used for quantitative variables. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for SWI. P <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The infection rate was 7.2 percent (143/1975). The multiple regression analysis found the following risk factors: female gender (OR 2.06; 95 percentCI 1.40-3.03; P<0.001), BMI>40 kg/m² (OR 6.27, 95 percentCI 2.53-15.48; P<0.001), diabetes (OR 2.33; 95 percentCI 1.56-3.49; P<0.001), number of affected coronary arteries (OR 7.78; 95 percentCI 1.04-57.79; P<0.001) and use of bilateral internal thoracic artery (OR 3.85; 95 percentCI 2.10-7.07; P<0.001). Infected patients had a mean score of 9, whereas non-infected patients had a mean score of 7 (P<0.001). There was no correlation between microorganisms, scores and risk factors. CONCLUSION: Female gender, diabetes, BMI>40 kg/m², number of affected coronary arteries and use of bilateral internal thoracic artery were associated with a higher risk of infection. The STS risk score can be successfully used and there was no correlation between microorganisms, the score and risk factors at our institution.

FUNDAMENTO: A infecção de ferida operatória esternal após cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) é uma grave complicação. Identificar pacientes com risco elevado é fundamental para introdução de medidas de preventivas. OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores de risco pré e intra-operatórios, avaliar o escore de risco da STS e correlação entre o escore e os microorganismos isolados em ferida operatória em hospital brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de um banco de dados prospectivamente coletado de todas as CRM realizadas em centro único, no período de 2006 a 2008. Teste do qui-quadrado foi utilizado para variáveis categóricas e teste t-Student, para variáveis quantitativas. Modelo multivariado por regressão logística foi utilizado para identificação de fatores de risco independente para infecção de ferida esternal. P<0,05 foi considerado significativo. RESULTADOS: A incidência de infecção foi de 7,2 por cento (143/1975). Na regressão múltipla, identificamos os seguintes fatores de risco: sexo feminino (OR 2,06; IC95 por cento; 1,40-3,03; P<0,001), IMC>40 kg/m² (OR 5,38; IC95 por cento; 2,24-12,90; P<0,001), diabetes (OR 2,33; IC95 por cento 1,56-3,49; P<0,001), número de artérias coronárias acometidas (OR 2,06; IC95 por cento; 1,40-3,03; P<0,001) e uso bilateral de artéria torácica interna (OR 3,44; IC95 por cento 1,89-6,26; P<0,001). Os pacientes infectados apresentaram média de escore da STS de 9 versus 7 nos não infectados (P<0,001). Não houve correlação entre microorganismos, escore e fatores de risco. CONCLUSÃO: Sexo feminino, diabetes, IMC>40 kg/m², número de artérias coronárias acometidas, uso bilateral da artéria torácica interna foram associados a maior risco de infecção. O escore de risco da STS pode ser aplicado com sucesso, não havendo correlação entre microrganismos, escore e fatores de risco em nossa instituição.

A preoperative checklist in esthetic plastic surgery / Um checklist pré-operatório em cirurgia plástica estética

The authors present a checklist to be used at the last stage of a preoperative visit for esthetic plastic surgery composed of 29 yes/no questions, four blank spaces for entering data, and one question for ranking the level of risk of deep vein thrombosis. The criteria are divided into three tables relating to three areas: anesthesia, psychological aspects, and clinical risk factors. The answers are framed in four colors that identify the level of risk and suggest the degree of attention warranted. A fourth aggregate table contains reference sources which can be easily accessed during a medical visit via the Internet or a portable device equipped with a medical database software. The purpose of the checklist is to reduce the possibility of adverse events involving the surgical process by identifying the risk level of each item reviewed.

Os autores apresentam um checklist para ser utilizado na última etapa da consulta pré-operatória de cirurgias plásticas estéticas, composto de 29 perguntas, com respostas do tipo sim e não, quatro espaços para inserção de dados e uma questão para classificação do nível de risco em trombose venosa profunda. Os quesitos são divididos em três tabelas relativas a três áreas: anestesia, aspectos psicológicos e riscos clínicos. As respostas são enquadradas em quatro cores, que identificam o nível de risco e sugerem o grau de atenção. Uma quarta tabela agregada contém fontes de referência de fácil acesso durante a consulta médica, pela Internet ou por aparelhos portáteis que contenham programas de dados que forneçam informações sobre medicações ou afecções. A finalidade do checklist é diminuir a possibilidade de ocorrências indesejáveis que envolvam o processo cirúrgico, pela identificação do nível de risco de cada item revisto.

Risk factors for sternal wound infections and application of the STS score in coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

BACKGROUND: Sternal wound infection (SWI) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a major complication. Identifying patients at risk of SWI is essential for the application of preventive measures. OBJECTIVE: To identify the pre- and intra-operative risk factors, apply the STS risk score and determine the correlation between the risk score and microorganisms isolated from surgical wounds in a Brazilian hospital. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a database of all CABG surgeries performed in a single institution from 2006 to 2008. Chi-square analysis was used for categorical variables and Student's t-test was used for quantitative variables. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for SWI. P <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The infection rate was 7.2% (143/1975). The multiple regression analysis found the following risk factors: female gender (OR 2.06; 95%CI 1.40-3.03; P<0.001), BMI>40 kg/m² (OR 6.27, 95%CI 2.53-15.48; P<0.001), diabetes (OR 2.33; 95%CI 1.56-3.49; P<0.001), number of affected coronary arteries (OR 7.78; 95%CI 1.04-57.79; P<0.001) and use of bilateral internal thoracic artery (OR 3.85; 95%CI 2.10-7.07; P<0.001). Infected patients had a mean score of 9, whereas non-infected patients had a mean score of 7 (P<0.001). There was no correlation between microorganisms, scores and risk factors. CONCLUSION: Female gender, diabetes, BMI>40 kg/m², number of affected coronary arteries and use of bilateral internal thoracic artery were associated with a higher risk of infection. The STS risk score can be successfully used and there was no correlation between microorganisms, the score and risk factors at our institution.